It was near the end of the World War II. The Nazis were focusing on the eastern front against the Soviet Union, and Western Europe seemed to be gradually recaptured by the Allies after the Normandy Invasion. To weaken Nazis resistance and end the long war, the U.S.-British military coalition decided to air strike the city of Dresden, the largest remaining industrial city of eastern Germany. The ..

What is an Immune engager? A bridge that literally connects two cells. Typically connecting the cell 1 with an effector function to the cell 2, the target. For the target binding, engagers must have target specificity. If they want to connect two targets, they need to be bispecific, for three target binding, they must be trispecific. Surprisingly, multi-specificity is a very old concept, more th..

Just like iOS and Android divide the MOS (Mobile Operating System) market, Cell therapy and Biologics bisects Cancer immunotherapy. Biologics is divided again into two branches, one is ICB (Immune Checkpoint Blockade) and the other is the immune engager. Although they share the slogan "removing cancer cells using Host's own immune system", their mode of action is clearly distinguished. In case o..

Substantial part of the immune response protecting host from the foreign protein is directed by T cells and their receptors. Two core functions of T cell surface signaling complex includes the 1) identification of friend or foe and the 2) Intracellular signal transduction based on that information. Here, T-cell receptor (TCR) takes the identification part and a series of CD3 proteins does the in..